Threshold Inhibition:   SYNTRAN® Polycarboxylates prevent or retard the growth of submicroscopic seed particles already during the earliest stage of nuclei formation.  This results in effective solubility enhancement of otherwise sparingly soluble salts.

Dispersion:   SYNTRAN® Polycarboxylates also readily absorb on the surfaces of already formed macroscopic crystals. The crystals are thus dispersed and stabilized, their further aggregation and growth is prevented. The formation of adherent, hard scale can be avoided.

Crystal Distortion:   SYNTRAN® Polycarboxylates strongly distort the crystallization process. Crystal growth planes are shielded by absorbed polymers, resulting in soft, non-adherent, free-flowing mineral particles.

SYNTRAN® terpolymers are specialty products that were designed for highest performance in calcium phosphate inhibition in the presence of iron ions.

A:   SYNTRAN ^® Calcium Carbonate Scale Inhibitors / Dispersants

Product	Typical Properties (Not Product Specifications)
SYNTRAN ®	Chemical Type	Total Solids [wt.-%]	pH	Molecular Weight GPC   M w	Brookfield Viscosity [mPa.s] 25°C	Neutra-lisation
8111-N *	AA	48	3.6	2500	100-400	NaOH
8520	AA / EA	50	2.0	4000	100-300	-
8220	AA	40	2.0	4000	35-65	-
8551	AA, sulfonic	50	2.0	13000	100-1200	-
8552	AA / AMPS	50	2.0	8000	500-3000	-

* primary recommendation

AA: acrylic acid      MA: maleic acid      EA: ethyl acrylate

If products are preferred at a different pH or with a specific neutralizing agent, please contact INTERPOLYMER.

All products are characterized by

• Excellent scale inhibition properties through solubility enhancement (threshold effect)
• Good dispersant properties
• Good activity over wide pH range, at high hardness and temperature
• Infinite solubility in water
• Non-foaming properties
• Phosphorous-free

SYNTRAN 8111-N / acrylic acid homopolymer

• Effective inhibition of CaC03, CaS04, BaS04 and other low-solubility salts that would lead to scale formation
• Crystal growth modifier
• Good stability against oxidizing agents (biocides, chlorine)

B: SYNTRAN ^® Calcium Phosphate Inhibitors

Copolymers

Product	Typical Properties (Not Product Specifications)
SYNTRAN ®	Chemical Type	Total Solids [wt.-%]	pH	Molecular Weight GPC   M w	Brookfield Viscosity [mPa.s] 25°C	Neutra- lisation
8411-N *	AA, sulfonic	44	4.2	5000	100-400	NaOH
8440 *	AA / HPA	45	< 3	6000	N.A.	-
8520-A	AA / EA	40	7.5	4000	40-100	NH4OH
8520	AA / EA	50	2.0	4000	100-300	-
8551	AA, sulfonic	50	2.0	13000	100-1200	-
8521	MAA / AA	40	2.0	5000	200-400	-
8552	AA / AMPS	50	2.0	8000	500-3000	-

* primary recommendation

AA: acrylic acid      MAA: methacrylic acid      MA: maleic acid      HPA, EA: nonionic acrylate

If products are preferred at a different pH or with a specific neutralizing agent, please contact INTERPOLYMER

SYNTRAN 8111-N:  acrylic acid - sulfonate copolymer

• Effective stabilization of calcium phosphate and zinc
• High iron tolerance
• Calcium carbonate inhibitor
• Strong dispersant for slit and other suspended particulate matter
• Prevents fouling
• Acts as crystal modifier
• Excellent thermal and chemical stability
• Suitable for phosphate / zinc or all organic based water treatment programs
• Freely soluble in water

SYNTRAN 8440:  acrylic acid - nonionic copolymer

The performance of both products (SYNTRAN 8411-N and SYNTRAN 8440) are comparable.  But compatibilities in a full water treatment formulation are in some cases different.

Specialty Terpolymers

Product	Typical Properties (Not Product Specifications)
SYNTRAN ®	Chemical Type	Total Solids [wt.-%]	pH	Molecular Weight GPC   M w	Brookfield Viscosity [mPa.s] 25°C	Neutra-    lisation
8740	AA / HPA / sulfonic	40	< 2	9000	50-100	-
8741	AA / t-BAM / sulfonic	45	< 3.5	9000	200-700	-
8742	AA / t-BAM / sulfonic	43	2.5	6500	100-400	-

AA: acrylic acid      HPA, t-BAM: nonionic acrylates

If products are preferred at a different pH or with a specific neutralizing agent, please contact INTERPOLYMER

Terpolymers are specialty products.  Compared to copolymers they have better scale inhibition properties and/or perform at a lower use level. E.g. compared to SYNTRAN 8440, the same performance can be achieved with SYNTRAN 8740 at a 35% lower use level.

SYNTRAN 8740:  carboxylate - nonionic - sulfonate terpolymer

• Excellent stabilization of calcium phosphate and zinc
• High iron tolerance
• Moderate calcium carbonate inhibition
• Strong dispersant for slit and other suspended particulate matter
• Prevents fouling
• Acts as a crystal modifier
• Excellent thermal and chemical stability
• Suitable for phosphate / zinc or all organic based water treatment programs
• Freely soluble in water

SYNTRAN 8741:  carboxylate - nonionic - sulfonate terpolymer

• Excellent dispersant for colloidal silica (up to a level of ca. 300 ppm) that would form scale in the presence of Ca and Mg ions
• Excellent stabilization of calcium phosphate
• Strong dispersant for slit and other suspended particulate matter (soil suspension)
• Excellent temperature and chlorine stability
• Freely soluble in water

SYNTRAN 8742:  carboxylate - nonionic - sulfonate terpolymer

• Very good dispersancy for low solubility salts and for silt
• Acts as crystal modifier
• Excellent thermal and chemical stability
• High iron tolerance

C: SYNTRAN ^® Calcium Sulphate Inhibitors

Product	Typical Properties (Not Product Specifications)
SYNTRAN ®	Chemical Type	Total Solids [wt.-%]	pH (25°C)	Molecular Weight GPC   M w	Brookfield Viscosity [mPa.s]	Neutra- lisation
8520-A	AA / EA	40	7.5	4000	40-100	NH4OH
8520	AA / EA	50	2.0	4000	100-300	-
8220	AA	40	2.0	4000	35-65	-
8551	AA, sulfonic	50	2.0	13000	100-1200	-
8521	MAA / AA	40	2.0	5000	200-400	-
8552	AA / AMPS	50	2.0	8000	500-3000	-
8522-N	MAA / AA	40	4.5	5000	400	NaOH
8250	AA	40	2.0	18000	300-500	-
8553	MAA / AA	40	2.0	7500	400-800	-
8111-N	AA	48	3.6	2500	100-400	NaOH

* primary recommendation

AA: acrylic acid      MAA: methacrylic acid      MA: maleic acid      EA: ethyl acrylate

If products are preferred at a different pH or with a specific neutralizing agent, please contact INTERPOLYMER